Peripheral Angioplasty

Peripheral angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure done to re-open the blocked blood vessels, allowing oxygen-rich blood to flow smoothly to the legs or lower extremities.
The peripheral angioplasty procedure is performed to treat the peripheral arterial disease of the legs, which is a circulatory condition in which the narrowed blood vessels decrease the blood flow to the limbs.
Peripheral angioplasty helps in decreasing the leg pain and in better wound healing, by improving the blood flow.

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Purpose:
1. In cases of people having a high cholesterol level, a fatty substance called plaque attaches to the walls of the arteries.This condition is known as atherosclerosis.nThe plaque accumulation inside the arteries leads to the narrowing of the arteries and reduces the space that is available for the blood to flow.
2. The arteries in the arms and legs, and other arteries that are farthest from the heart are known as peripheral arteries. Peripheral angioplasty is a mode of treatment for peripheral artery disease in the limbs when medications and other forms of treatment fail.
3. It can also be used in emergency cases, such as a heart attack or stroke (when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted).

Symptoms:
The symptoms of peripheral artery disease, whose treatment includes peripheral angioplasty, are:

  • Color changes in the legs
  • Cold feeling in the legs
  • Numbness in the legs
  • Cramping in the legs after a physical activity
  • Erectile dysfunction seen in men
  • Soreness in the toes
  • Pain relieved by movement
  1. Physical examination: The doctor may find symptoms of peripheral artery disease like an absent or weak pulse, poor wound healing, decrease in blood pressure, whooshing sounds over the arteries that can be heard with a stethoscope in the affected area.
  2. Ultrasound: A special ultrasound, known as a Doppler ultrasound, can help the doctor evaluate the blood flow through the blood vessels and identify the narrowed or blocked arteries.
  3. Ankle-brachial index: This is a common test done for diagnosing peripheral artery disease. The blood pressure in the ankle is compared with the blood pressure in the arm.
  4. Blood tests: A sample of your blood is taken to measure the cholesterol and triglycerides, and to check for diabetes.
  5. Angiography: A dye is injected into the blood vessels, and the blood flow through the arteries is viewed as it happens by various imaging techniques like x-rays, computerized tomography angiography, or magnetic resonance angiography.
  6. Catheter angiography: This is an invasive procedure involving guiding the catheter or a small hollow tube through an artery in the groin to the affected area and injecting the dye. This type of angiography helps in the treatment of a blocked blood vessel at the time of diagnosis.

 

  • Peripheral angioplasty is a minimally invasive medical procedure.
  • It is performed under local anesthesia (the area of the procedure is numbed).
  • A thin tube known as a diagnostic catheter is inserted through a tiny incision in the hip of the patient.
  • X-rays help the surgeon in guiding the catheter through the artery to the blockage site.
  • A dye is used for the identification of the site of the blockage.
  • After identifying the site of the blockage, another catheter is known as a balloon catheter is then inserted into the artery.
  • The balloon is then inflated inside the artery to press the plaque against the wall of the artery allowing the resumption of the normal blood flow.
  • The doctor may choose to keep the artery open using metallic stent support.
  • After the placement of the stent, the incision is closed.

 

The complications associated with peripheral angioplasty procedure include:

  • Bleeding
  • Infection
  • Blood clot formation
  • Allergic reactions to the x-ray dye or the drug used in a stent releasing medicine into the body
  • Damage to blood vessel
  • Damage to the nerve, causing numbness or pain in the leg
  • Heart attack
  • Damage to the artery in the groin, which may require urgent surgery
  • Kidney failure (a condition when the kidney fails to perform its normal function and is unable to filter the waste products from the blood)
  • Misplacement of the stent
  • Stroke (blood supply to the brain is interrupted)
  • Failure in opening the affected artery
  • Loss of limb
  • It is normal for the incision site to be sore and bruised for a few days after the procedure.
  • Your movement will be limited after the procedure. Short walks on flat surfaces are encouraged and acceptable. However, going up and down the stairs or walking long distances should be avoided in the first two to three after the procedure.
  • Avoid activities like driving, sports, or yard work.
  • Your doctor will inform you when to return to your daily activities.
  • Complete recovery may take up to 8 weeks.
  • Keep the area clean while the incision wound heals, in order to prevent infection.
  • Change the dressing regularly.

Inform your doctor immediately if you notice any of the following symptoms:

  1. Swelling at the incision site
  2. Redness
  3. Unusual pain
  4. Discharge
  5. Bleeding
  6. Swelling in the legs
  7. Chest pain that does not go away
  8. Chills
  9. Shortness of breath
  10. Fever 
  11. Dizziness
  12. Extreme weakness
  13. Fainting

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Peripheral Angioplasty

Peripheral angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure done to re-open the blocked blood vessels, allowing oxygen-rich blood to flow smoothly to the legs or lower extremities.
The peripheral angioplasty procedure is performed to treat the peripheral arterial disease of the legs, which is a circulatory condition in which the narrowed blood vessels decrease the blood flow to the limbs.
Peripheral angioplasty helps in decreasing the leg pain and in better wound healing, by improving the blood flow.

Symptoms

Purpose:
1. In cases of people having a high cholesterol level, a fatty substance called plaque attaches to the walls of the arteries.This condition is known as atherosclerosis.nThe plaque accumulation inside the arteries leads to the narrowing of the arteries and reduces the space that is available for the blood to flow.
2. The arteries in the arms and legs, and other arteries that are farthest from the heart are known as peripheral arteries. Peripheral angioplasty is a mode of treatment for peripheral artery disease in the limbs when medications and other forms of treatment fail.
3. It can also be used in emergency cases, such as a heart attack or stroke (when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted).

Symptoms:
The symptoms of peripheral artery disease, whose treatment includes peripheral angioplasty, are:

  • Color changes in the legs
  • Cold feeling in the legs
  • Numbness in the legs
  • Cramping in the legs after a physical activity
  • Erectile dysfunction seen in men
  • Soreness in the toes
  • Pain relieved by movement

Diagnosis

  1. Physical examination: The doctor may find symptoms of peripheral artery disease like an absent or weak pulse, poor wound healing, decrease in blood pressure, whooshing sounds over the arteries that can be heard with a stethoscope in the affected area.
  2. Ultrasound: A special ultrasound, known as a Doppler ultrasound, can help the doctor evaluate the blood flow through the blood vessels and identify the narrowed or blocked arteries.
  3. Ankle-brachial index: This is a common test done for diagnosing peripheral artery disease. The blood pressure in the ankle is compared with the blood pressure in the arm.
  4. Blood tests: A sample of your blood is taken to measure the cholesterol and triglycerides, and to check for diabetes.
  5. Angiography: A dye is injected into the blood vessels, and the blood flow through the arteries is viewed as it happens by various imaging techniques like x-rays, computerized tomography angiography, or magnetic resonance angiography.
  6. Catheter angiography: This is an invasive procedure involving guiding the catheter or a small hollow tube through an artery in the groin to the affected area and injecting the dye. This type of angiography helps in the treatment of a blocked blood vessel at the time of diagnosis.

 

Treatment

  • Peripheral angioplasty is a minimally invasive medical procedure.
  • It is performed under local anesthesia (the area of the procedure is numbed).
  • A thin tube known as a diagnostic catheter is inserted through a tiny incision in the hip of the patient.
  • X-rays help the surgeon in guiding the catheter through the artery to the blockage site.
  • A dye is used for the identification of the site of the blockage.
  • After identifying the site of the blockage, another catheter is known as a balloon catheter is then inserted into the artery.
  • The balloon is then inflated inside the artery to press the plaque against the wall of the artery allowing the resumption of the normal blood flow.
  • The doctor may choose to keep the artery open using metallic stent support.
  • After the placement of the stent, the incision is closed.

 

Risks

The complications associated with peripheral angioplasty procedure include:

  • Bleeding
  • Infection
  • Blood clot formation
  • Allergic reactions to the x-ray dye or the drug used in a stent releasing medicine into the body
  • Damage to blood vessel
  • Damage to the nerve, causing numbness or pain in the leg
  • Heart attack
  • Damage to the artery in the groin, which may require urgent surgery
  • Kidney failure (a condition when the kidney fails to perform its normal function and is unable to filter the waste products from the blood)
  • Misplacement of the stent
  • Stroke (blood supply to the brain is interrupted)
  • Failure in opening the affected artery
  • Loss of limb

After Procedure

  • It is normal for the incision site to be sore and bruised for a few days after the procedure.
  • Your movement will be limited after the procedure. Short walks on flat surfaces are encouraged and acceptable. However, going up and down the stairs or walking long distances should be avoided in the first two to three after the procedure.
  • Avoid activities like driving, sports, or yard work.
  • Your doctor will inform you when to return to your daily activities.
  • Complete recovery may take up to 8 weeks.
  • Keep the area clean while the incision wound heals, in order to prevent infection.
  • Change the dressing regularly.

Inform your doctor immediately if you notice any of the following symptoms:

  1. Swelling at the incision site
  2. Redness
  3. Unusual pain
  4. Discharge
  5. Bleeding
  6. Swelling in the legs
  7. Chest pain that does not go away
  8. Chills
  9. Shortness of breath
  10. Fever 
  11. Dizziness
  12. Extreme weakness
  13. Fainting

FAQ Section

1) What is Peripheral artery disease?

Peripheral artery disease is a disease in which plaque builds up in the arteries that carry blood to the head, organs, and limbs. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, fibrous tissue,  calcium,  and other substances in the blood.

 

2) What are some symptoms of peripheral artery disease?

  • Cramping or tiredness in leg muscles while not resting.
  • Pain in the legs or feet that disturbs night sleep
  • Loss of sensation or numbness in the affected limb
  • Sores that fail to heal or heal slowly
  • Differences in blood pressure between the limbs
  • Decreased rate of hair and nail growth
  • Foot pain at rest

3) What causes Peripheral artery disease?

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque or fatty deposits build up in the patient's arteries and it is often called hardening of the arteries and causes Peripheral Artery Disease. Also with age, various factors cause the vein walls to become rigid and thin that contributes to PAD, they include:

Diabetes:

  • High cholesterol or triglycerides
  • High levels of homocysteine
  • Inactive lifestyle
  • Over 50-year-old and male
  • Personal history of hypertension
  • Smoking
  • The family history of vascular diseases
  • Weighing over thirty percent more than your ideal weight.

 

4) How is Peripheral artery disease diagnosed?

If Peripheral artery disease diagnosed is suspected, a non-invasive test referred to as an ankle brachial pressure index is performed. The ankle brachial pressure measures the difference between the systolic blood pressure in the patient's arms and the systolic pressure in the ankles. Based on the result of ABP, an ultrasound may be ordered to determine the extent of the blockage. Angiography or a Computed Tomography Angiography Scan may also be used to more precisely define the exact location of the blockage.

5) What is peripheral angioplasty?

Peripheral angioplasty is a procedure performed to reopen blood vessels to allow oxygen-rich blood to flow smoothly through the vessel, and in several cases, once the blood vessel has been widened, the physician inserts a stent which is a tiny mesh-like wire tube which acts as scaffolding to hold the artery open.

6) How dangerous is angioplasty?

Although angioplasty is a less invasive way to fix clogged arteries than bypass surgery is, the procedure still bears several risks. The most common angioplasty risks include Re-clogging of the artery. 

7) What are the risks of angioplasty?

  • Pain, tenderness, and swelling at the catheter insertion site.
  • Superficial thrombophlebitis.
  • Bleeding at the catheter site.
  • A bruise where the catheter was inserted.
  • Serious risks are:
  • Damage to the inner wall of the artery.
  • An allergic reaction
  • The sudden closure of the artery.
  • Blood clots.
  • Kidney damage.

8) What is the success rate of angioplasty?

Angioplasty is successful in opening peripheral arteries in well over 90% of patients.

9) Can stents be put in legs?

Angioplasty is a procedure performed to open blocked or narrow blood vessels that supply blood to our legs. Fatty deposits can build up inside the arteries. A stent is a small, metal mesh tube and can be put in the legs. 

10) Things to do after angioplasty?

Angioplasty does not cure the cause of the blockage in the patient's arteries, and the arteries may become narrow again. The patient must eat a heart-healthy diet, exercise, stop smoking (if he or she smokes), and reduce stress to help lower the chances of having a blocked artery again.

11) How long do leg stents last?

Physicians have found that 50 percent of those arteries in which the stents are used to clear leg-artery blockages will be blocked again in about two years.

12) What can one do to prevent peripheral arterial disease?

To prevent peripheral arterial diseases:

  • Don't smoke.
  • If you have diabetes, follow all diet and medication instructions and see your health care provider regularly.
  • Lower your blood pressure.
  • Eat foods low in fat and cholesterol.
  • Lose weight if you are overweight.
  • Exercise regularly
  • Try to reduce stress in your life.

13) What is the cost of Peripheral Angioplasty in India?

The cost of Peripheral Angioplasty varies across different cities and hospitals in India. 

Cost of Peripheral Angioplasty in India
CITY COST
Cost of Peripheral Angioplasty in Mumbai INR150000- INR 250000
Cost of Peripheral Angioplasty in Bangalore INR140000- INR 240000
Cost of Peripheral Angioplasty in Delhi INR140000- INR 240000
Cost of Peripheral Angioplasty in Chennai INR130000- INR 230000