Superficial X ray radiation therapy

Superficial x-ray radiation therapy is mainly used for the treatment of the following conditions:

• Non-melanoma skin cancers (a group of cancers that arise from the skin’s outer layers)
• Basal cell carcinoma (the most common type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells)
• Squamous cell carcinoma (the second most common type of skin cancer that is characterized by the abnormal and rapid growth of the squamous cells)
• Kaposi’s sarcoma (cancer that leads to lesions in the soft tissues)
• Keloid scars (a raised scar after the healing of an injury)

1. Physical examination: The patient’s physical health, medical history, family history, and symptoms are evaluated by the doctor.
2. Blood tests: These tests aid in checking the different blood parameters and detect the presence of certain underlying medical conditions.
3. Imaging tests: Imaging tests like CT scans, MRI scans, and ultrasounds help to create clear pictures of the suspected cancerous organ.
4. Endoscopy: A tube with a camera on one end, known as an endoscope, is used to check the suspected cancerous organ internally.
5. Biopsy: The doctor surgically excises the suspected tissue growth and sends it to the laboratory to check for the presence of cancer cells.

You will lie on the treatment table according to the position determined by simulation. 
The mold, shield, measurements, tracings, and photographs taken will help in placing you in the exact same position during each radiation therapy session.
The different types of machines that can be used for superficial x-ray radiation therapy include:
LINAC machine: Electron beams are used and applicators (extra parts) are attached to the machine to treat skin cancer.
Superficial x-ray machine: This is a much smaller machine than the LINAC machine. It has severable movable parts and is normally on wheels. Low-energy photons are used for the treatment of skin cancers.
The machine or applicators are placed on or near your skin. 
The doctor leaves the room and goes to an adjacent room before radiation therapy is started.
The machine will emit radiation and stay in its position throughout the treatment. You will not feel anything during the therapy.
The procedure usually lasts for about 15 to 20 minutes.
You can usually go home immediately after the therapy session.
The number of radiation therapy sessions varies depending on the type and severity of cancer being treated. It may vary from a single session for one day to a session every week for up to six weeks.

Superficial x-ray radiation therapy has the following side effects:

• Hair loss
• Dryness
• Itching
• Redness
• Soreness
• Scab (a rough, dry crust) formation 
• Bleeding (rare)

Keep the treated area covered when stepping out in the sun.
Use sunscreen having an SPF of a minimum value of 30 when stepping out.
The side effects due to superficial x-ray radiation therapy usually peak at approximately two weeks after treatment, and ease out at approximately three to four weeks after treatment.
Use soap without fragrance and a moisturizer to keep your skin moist after treatment.
Avoid swimming for a couple of weeks after treatment.
After having a bath, pat your skin dry using a towel.
Your skin may appear paler or you may notice small veins in the treatment area a few months or years after treatment. You should continue to keep the treated area covered and use sunscreen when stepping out, as your skin is much more sensitive to the sun.
Follow-up appointments with the doctor are needed to check the success of the treatment.