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Abortion Surgery
A surgical procedure performed to terminate a pregnancy is known as an abortion surgery.
Abortion surgery can be performed safely in the first trimester of pregnancy. There could be several reasons for having an abortion.
Purpose: An abortion surgery may be recommended in the following cases:
- Genetic disorder in the unborn baby
- Birth defect in the unborn baby
- Unplanned pregnancy
- Pregnancy due to a traumatic incident like rape
- Financial instability to support and raise a child
- Pregnancy detrimental to the mother’s health
Diagnosis:
- Physical examination: The doctor evaluates the pregnant woman physically and notes down her medical history and family history.
- Pelvic exam: One or two of the doctor's gloved fingers are inserted into the vagina to check the size, shape, and position of the woman’s uterus (womb) and ovaries (from where female eggs are produced). A pelvic exam helps in determining the stage of pregnancy and detecting ectopic pregnancies (when the fertilized egg implants itself outside the uterus instead of inside the uterus).
- Urine pregnancy test: The detection of the hormone HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) indicates pregnancy.
- Blood test: The blood type of the patient and the presence of any underlying infections are detected using this test.
- Ultrasound: This test involves the use of sound waves to obtain images of the internal organs of the female reproductive system.
Procedure:
Abortion surgery can be performed under local anesthesia (a numbing agent), conscious sedation (a condition in which the patient is awake and relaxed), deep sedation, or general anesthesia (when the patient is made unconscious before the procedure).
Abortion surgery can be performed in the following two ways:
1. Aspiration Abortion:
- The procedure is performed on pregnant women between 14 to 16 weeks of pregnancy.
- A speculum, which is a medical tool shaped like a duck’s bill to view inside a hollow part of the body, is then inserted through the vagina to examine the uterus.
- A tube, known as a cannula, is then attached to the speculum to empty the uterus by suction.
- The tissue is now removed entirely from the uterus and the pregnancy is terminated.
- This procedure takes approximately five to ten minutes to complete.
2. Dilation and Evacuation (D & E) Abortion:
- This procedure is generally performed after the completion of the 16th week of pregnancy.
- A cervical dilator is then inserted through the vagina for opening the cervix.
- A speculum is now used for opening the cervix.
- A curette (metal loop-shaped tool) is now used for the removal of any remaining tissue that lines the uterus.
- Suction is now used for the removal of the embryo.
- This procedure takes approximately ten to twenty minutes for completion.
Risks:
The following complications are associated with an abortion surgery:
-
Damage to the uterus (womb)
-
Damage to the uterine lining
-
Damage to the cervix
-
Hemorrhage
-
Infection
-
Allergic reaction to the anesthesia used
-
Blood clot formation in the uterus
-
Perforation of the uterus
-
Stomach cramps
-
Nausea
-
Vomiting
-
Failure of the uterus to contract after surgery
-
Incomplete removal of tissue from the uterus
- In most cases, the woman may resume her daily activities the day after the surgery.
- It is normal to have irregular bleeding after the surgery. Sanitary napkins and not tampons should be used to control the same.
- The doctor may prescribe painkillers and antibiotics to get relief from pain and infection.
- The doctor may also prescribe certain medications to help in the contraction of the uterus and its return to its original size.
- Strenuous activities and heavy lifting should be avoided for a week after the surgery.
- Sexual intercourse should be avoided for a week after surgery.
- After resuming sexual intercourse, the male partner should use a condom to prevent infection.
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Abortion Surgery
A surgical procedure performed to terminate a pregnancy is known as an abortion surgery.
Abortion surgery can be performed safely in the first trimester of pregnancy. There could be several reasons for having an abortion.
Symptoms
Purpose: An abortion surgery may be recommended in the following cases:
- Genetic disorder in the unborn baby
- Birth defect in the unborn baby
- Unplanned pregnancy
- Pregnancy due to a traumatic incident like rape
- Financial instability to support and raise a child
- Pregnancy detrimental to the mother’s health
Diagnosis
Diagnosis:
- Physical examination: The doctor evaluates the pregnant woman physically and notes down her medical history and family history.
- Pelvic exam: One or two of the doctor's gloved fingers are inserted into the vagina to check the size, shape, and position of the woman’s uterus (womb) and ovaries (from where female eggs are produced). A pelvic exam helps in determining the stage of pregnancy and detecting ectopic pregnancies (when the fertilized egg implants itself outside the uterus instead of inside the uterus).
- Urine pregnancy test: The detection of the hormone HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) indicates pregnancy.
- Blood test: The blood type of the patient and the presence of any underlying infections are detected using this test.
- Ultrasound: This test involves the use of sound waves to obtain images of the internal organs of the female reproductive system.
Treatment
Procedure:
Abortion surgery can be performed under local anesthesia (a numbing agent), conscious sedation (a condition in which the patient is awake and relaxed), deep sedation, or general anesthesia (when the patient is made unconscious before the procedure).
Abortion surgery can be performed in the following two ways:
1. Aspiration Abortion:
- The procedure is performed on pregnant women between 14 to 16 weeks of pregnancy.
- A speculum, which is a medical tool shaped like a duck’s bill to view inside a hollow part of the body, is then inserted through the vagina to examine the uterus.
- A tube, known as a cannula, is then attached to the speculum to empty the uterus by suction.
- The tissue is now removed entirely from the uterus and the pregnancy is terminated.
- This procedure takes approximately five to ten minutes to complete.
2. Dilation and Evacuation (D & E) Abortion:
- This procedure is generally performed after the completion of the 16th week of pregnancy.
- A cervical dilator is then inserted through the vagina for opening the cervix.
- A speculum is now used for opening the cervix.
- A curette (metal loop-shaped tool) is now used for the removal of any remaining tissue that lines the uterus.
- Suction is now used for the removal of the embryo.
- This procedure takes approximately ten to twenty minutes for completion.
Risks
Risks:
The following complications are associated with an abortion surgery:
-
Damage to the uterus (womb)
-
Damage to the uterine lining
-
Damage to the cervix
-
Hemorrhage
-
Infection
-
Allergic reaction to the anesthesia used
-
Blood clot formation in the uterus
-
Perforation of the uterus
-
Stomach cramps
-
Nausea
-
Vomiting
-
Failure of the uterus to contract after surgery
-
Incomplete removal of tissue from the uterus
After Procedure
- In most cases, the woman may resume her daily activities the day after the surgery.
- It is normal to have irregular bleeding after the surgery. Sanitary napkins and not tampons should be used to control the same.
- The doctor may prescribe painkillers and antibiotics to get relief from pain and infection.
- The doctor may also prescribe certain medications to help in the contraction of the uterus and its return to its original size.
- Strenuous activities and heavy lifting should be avoided for a week after the surgery.
- Sexual intercourse should be avoided for a week after surgery.
- After resuming sexual intercourse, the male partner should use a condom to prevent infection.
FAQ Section
Abortion surgery is the medical termination of an unwanted pregnancy. It is the act of deliberately causing a miscarriage. The type of surgery is determined based on the stage of pregnancy. It is conducted by a professional medical practitioner and is usually considered as minor surgery. It is performed between 12 to 14 weeks from your last normal menstrual period up to 20 weeks of your pregnancy.
Abortion surgery is usually performed through two different approaches and is dependent on the stage of pregnancy. Your gynecologist will conduct a sonogram in order to determine the type of procedure to be followed which could be either through aspiration or dilation and evacuation.
Aspiration is also known as suction aspiration, suction curettage, or vacuum aspiration is performed within six to sixteen weeks of gestation.
Dilation and Evacuation is a procedure performed after six to sixteen weeks of gestation.
Abortion surgery is a minor surgery and is usually considered safe when performed by a trained medical professional. It is associated with a slight amount of side-effects which generally occur in any surgical procedure. However, if the patient is suffering from any other diseases or medical conditions related to the reproductive system, then the surgery may get complicated.
Abortion in India is legal only in certain situations. It is permitted to be performed legally under various grounds according to the rules of law. However, under exceptional and unusual cases, abortion may be performed after a gestation period of 20 weeks.
Abortion Surgery is done in two ways depending upon the stage of pregnancy:
- Aspiration
The surgery begins with the administration of a local anesthetic, in order to numb your cervix. A surgical instrument called the tenaculum is used to hold the cervix in place, for it to be dilated. When the cervix is wide enough, a cannula, a long plastic tube connected to the suction tube, is used to suck out the fetus and placenta.
- Dilation and Evacuation
This procedure is conducted in women whose gestation period is in between fifteen to twenty-four hours of pregnancy. A general anesthetic is administered into the patient and using narrow forceps, the fetus and placenta are removed from the neck of the womb. This procedure may require cervical preparation prior to or on the day of the surgery.
The surgery is usually not very painful as an anesthetic is administered prior to the surgery in order to feel numbness and reduce pain. Your gynecologist will prescribe you with painkillers in order to deal with any possible pain. Other feelings of cramps, pressure, and anxiety are common.
Some of the side-effects that accompany abortion surgery are:
- Bleeding: The bleeding that may occur may be similar to that of menstruation. Heavy bleeding is indicative of incomplete abortion.
- Infection: Indicated by fever caused by an incomplete abortion or a sexually transmitted disease.
- Injury to the uterus: Can be caused due to improper handling or use of surgical instruments or any other sharp objects used during the surgery.
- Injury to the cervix: Can occur due to multiple cervical surgeries.
Manual Vacuum Aspiration is a procedure conducted between six to sixteen weeks of gestation. The surgery begins with the administration of a local anesthetic, in order to numb your cervix. A surgical instrument called the tenaculum is used to hold the cervix in place for it to be dilated. When the cervix is wide enough, a cannula, a long plastic tube connected to the suction tube, is used to suck out the fetus and placenta.
This procedure is conducted in women whose gestation period is in between fifteen to twenty-four hours of pregnancy. A general anesthetic is administered into the patient and using narrow forceps, the fetus and placenta is removed from the neck of the womb. This procedure may require cervical preparation prior to or on the day of the surgery.
This decision is made by your gynecologist after conducting several examinations like medical history, physical examination, lab tests and the stage of pregnancy. If pregnancy is detected or suspected at a very early stage then it can be terminated with the help of various pills and drugs. However, at a later stage of pregnancy, abortion surgery is the only way to terminate the pregnancy.
The cost of abortion surgery in India varies across different cities and hospitals.
| CITY | COST |
| Cost of Abortion Surgery in Mumbai | INR 5000- INR 30000 |
| Cost of Abortion Surgery in Bangalore | INR 4800- INR 28000 |
| Cost of Abortion Surgery in Delhi | INR 4800- INR 28000 |
| Cost of Abortion Surgery in Chennai | INR 4500- INR 25000 |
It has been observed that one out of every thousand women undergoing abortion surgery will experience serious complications.
Some of the risk factors associated with abortion surgery are as follows:
- Bleeding: The bleeding that may occur may be similar to that of menstruation. Heavy bleeding is indicative of incomplete abortion.
- Infection: Indicated by fever caused by an incomplete abortion or a sexually transmitted disease.
- Injury to the uterus: Can be caused due to improper handling or use of surgical instruments or any other sharp objects used during the surgery.
- Injury to the cervix: Can occur due to multiple cervical surgeries.
After an abortion surgery has been performed, your doctor will recommend a certain period of rest for complete recovery. Avoid indulging in lifting of heavy objects, swimming or sexual activities until completely recovered.