Blood Cancer Treatment Cost in New Delhi

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Blood Cancer Treatment

Blood Cancer, also known as Leukaemia, is when the bone marrow starts to produce abnormal white blood cells which replicate and grow at a faster rate than normal cells. These leukocytes replace all the functional, normal cells and prevent them from carrying out their function. There are several types of Leukaemia:
  • Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia (ALL) 
  • Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia (AML)
  • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)
  • Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia (CML)
The Lymphocytic types affect the lymphocytes whereas Myelogenous Leukaemia affects the Granulocytes, RBCs or Platelets. 

Symptoms

The symptoms of Leukaemia vary with its type. In Chronic Leukaemia, symptoms are not very evident, whereas in Acute Leukaemia, they are observed early on. 

The signs / symptoms observed are:

  • Fever or chills
  • Anaemia 
  • Easy Bruising and Bleeding
  • Night sweats
  • Painless swollen lumps in the neck, underarm or groin region
  • Loss of appetite and Weight loss
  • Persistent fatigue, weakness
  • Bone pain

Diagnosis

Routine Blood Tests can identify Leukaemia before symptoms are seen. In case symptoms have already been observed, the doctor will determine its presence through swollen lymph nodes, spleen or liver. A complete blood count will also be necessary to identify, as a higher count of White Blood Cells and a lower count of other cells is observed in the case of Leukaemia. A tissue sample is taken from the hip bone to look for cancer cells in Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy which helps confirm Leukaemia and identify its type.

Treatment

Leukaemia can be treated by eradicating all the cancer cells and stimulating the production of normal cells in the bone marrow. On the basis of the type of Leukaemia and various other conditions such as age, the suitable treatment is decided. The fundamental procedure for all treatments of Leukaemia is- 
  1. Induction Therapy – Kills Leukaemia cells in the bone marrow by chemotherapy. 
  2. Consolidation Therapy- Reduces the chance of relapse by stem cell transplant or chemotherapy. 
  3. Maintenance Therapy- Uses lower doses and fewer cycles of therapy to ensure the complete eradication of Leukaemia. 

The several alternatives for the treatment of Leukaemia are:

  • Chemotherapy is a combination of drugs injected intravenously or given in pill form. It has other side effects such as swelling, hair fall, weight gain and diarrhoea.
  • Biological Therapy helps the immune system of the body to identify the Leukaemia cells and to slow their growth or kill them. 
  • Targeted Therapy uses drugs which attack specific weaknesses of the cancer cells, such as it stops the production of proteins in cancer cells due to which they die.
  • Radiation Therapy uses X-Rays to kill the cancer cells in a targeted location or sometimes even the whole body. This therapy is essential before a stem cell transplant.
  • Bone Marrow Transplant / Stem Cell Transplant in which bone marrow or the stem cells are taken from a compatible donor, preferably closest relatives, and are used to replace the diseased bone marrow. 

Risks

There are several risks involved in the treatment of Leukaemia. The main risk involved in a Bone Marrow Transplant is Graft-versus-Host disease in which the donor cells start to attack those of the recipient and hence causes problems in relation to immunity. In addition to this, there is a chance of Graft rejection in which the donor stem cells do not function effectively in the recipient and fail to differentiate into blood cells. This would lead to thrombocytopenia and anaemia. 

In case of Targeted therapy, Biological therapy and Chemotherapy, there are chances that normal cells are damaged during treatment. There are side effects of Chemotherapy such as swelling, hair fall, weight gain and diarrhoea.

After Procedure

After a bone marrow transplant, the patient is monitored by the doctor for signs of graft rejection. A medication for GVHD is given to prevent it from occurring. Antifungals, antivirals and antibiotics are also given in order to prevent all sorts of infections. Regular blood tests are conducted in order to check if blood counts are back to normal and to check the functioning of the donor’s stem cells in the recipient. The patient may require blood transfusions in case of too much blood loss or slow recovery.     

After a chemotherapy or radiation therapy, thee patient is required to take the suitable medication prescribed and regular visits to the doctor are necessary.

FAQ Section

1) What is blood cancer?

Blood cancer is a collective term used to refer to a variety of cancers that attack the blood, bone marrow or lymphatic system. In this form of cancer, rapidly multiplying cancerous cells attack the various parts of the circulatory system. All kinds of blood cells including RBCs, WBCs and platelets may be attacked.

2) What are the symptoms of blood cancer?

In some cases, blood cancer can be asymptomatic and be discovered only after irregularities are observed in a routine blood test and further testing is done to find out the cause. However, in many cases, blood cancer has several symptoms, some of which are listed below.

  • Unexplained loss of weight

  • Chronic fatigue

  • Easy bruising or spontaneous bleeding (due to deficiency of platelets)

  • Enlarged lymph nodes (generally visible in the neck or groin region)

  • Weakness or breathlessness

  • Abdominal pain or discomfort

  • Frequent infections that do not respond to standard medications

  • Fever and night sweats

  • Pain in joints and bones

  • Itchy skin

3) What are the types of blood cancer?

Blood cancer has several types. However, some of the more common ones are –

  • Lymphoma – Cancer that starts in the lymph nodes and then may spread to other parts of the body.

  • Leukaemia – A group of cancers that start in the bone marrow and result in abnormally high counts of White Blood Cells. This type of cancer may be either acute or chronic.

  • Myeloma – A cancer affecting plasma cells in the bone marrow.

Some other rare types of blood cancer include Essential Thrombocythaemia, Polycythaemia Vera, Myelofibrosis and Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

 

4) Who treats blood cancer?

Blood cancer is generally treated by a haemato-oncologist. These specialists are well versed in the field of blood (haematology) as well as the study of cancer (oncology).

 

5) What are the types of lymphoma?

There are two main types of lymphoma –

  • Hodgkin’s Lymphoma- The rarest form of the diseases, Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. These cells are special cells which can be generally observed under a microscope.

  • Non- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma – This is the most common form of Lymphoma with almost 61 different subtypes. It involves the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells and can be either slow-growing or spread rapidly.

6) What is the best treatment method for lymphoma?

Treatment options for Lymphoma vary greatly depending on the type and spread of the disease. However, some of the commonly used treatment options include-

  • Surgery – Surgery is generally used to remove the tumour if the cancer is localised

  • Radioimmunotherapy – This delivers high-powered radiation directly to the cancerous cells to destroy them.

  • Chemotherapy – A treatment method using aggressive drugs to kill cancer cells.

  • Stem-cell transplant – This can restore damaged bone marrow as a result of the cancer or the treatment procedures.

  • Biologic Therapy- This innovative treatment method stimulates the immune system to attack the cancer cells by injecting living microorganisms into the body.

  • Antibody Therapy – Synthetic antibodies are injected into the blood in order to fight the cancer cells.

  • Radiation Therapy – High-dose radiation used to eliminate cancerous cells from small areas.

If the cancer is in the lower stages, these treatment options are often enough to control or treat the disease.

 

7) What is the cure rate for leukaemia?

Cure rates and survival rates of leukaemia depend on various factors including age, sex, stage of the cancer and overall condition of the patient. Cancer in young people is often easier to treat than in cancer affecting people over the age of sixty. Similarly, leukaemia is easier to manage if caught early.

All things considered, the average five-year survival rate of leukaemia in adults is about 25 percent. However, this rises to about 70 percent in children.

 

8) What are the treatment options for myeloma?

Treatment options for myeloma can vary depending on the type of the disease and how far it has spread. Over the years, many new promising treatment options have helped improve the prognosis of patients affected by this condition.

Some of the most common treatment options used are-

  • A chemotherapy drug to fight and kill the cancer cells

  • A steroid that suppresses inflammation

  • A stem cell transplant with chemotherapy

  • Radiotherapy

  • Immunomodulatory drugs to activate certain kinds of immune cells and kill myeloma cells.

  • HDAC inhibitors to cause cancer cell death

9) What is the cost of a bone marrow transplant in India?

A bone marrow transplant may be beneficial in the treatment of Lymphoma or Leukaemia. The cost of such a procedure varies depending on the hospital and doctor involved. The cost of the procedure starts from INR 15,00,000 and may go up to INR 40,00,000.

5) Can blood cancer be cured completely?

Treatment will depend on the type of blood cancer you have, your age, how fast the cancer is progressing, and whether cancer has spread to other parts of your body. Many types of blood cancers are now highly treatable because treatments for blood cancer have vastly improved over the last several decades.

 

6) What are the main types of blood cancer?

Lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma are the 3 main types of blood cancers with rates of occurrences of 64%, 25%, and 11% respectively.

 

7) Which blood cancer is the most dangerous?

Leukemia is the most dangerous blood cancer. It has an estimated death rate of 6.3 per 100,000 men and women per year.