The cancer of the lymphatic system is known as lymphoma. The lymphatic system is a part of the body’s disease-fighting or immune system.
The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus gland.
Types:
The two main types of lymphoma are:
1. Hodgkin’s lymphoma: This type of lymphoma usually occurs in the B lymphocytes. The abnormal cells are known as Reed-Sternberg cells, which are modified B lymphocytes. It starts in the upper body lymph nodes, like the neck, chest, and underarms. It spreads (metastasizes) to the different parts of the body through the blood vessels.
It can affect the lungs, liver, spleen, or bone marrow.
It is commonly seen in people who are approximately 40 years old.
2. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: It is the most common type of lymphoma. The healthy lymphocytes do not die, but instead, continue to grow and divide. This causes an increase in the accumulation of the lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, causing swelling of the lymph nodes. This type of lymphoma can originate from the B lymphocytes and the T lymphocytes. However, it is more common in the B cells. It can begin in any part of the body, and it spreads to distant parts of the body.
It is commonly seen in people above 55 years of age.
Causes:
The exact cause of lymphoma is unknown. Lymphoma begins when a lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) develops genetic changes (mutations). These mutations cause the growth and multiplication of the diseased lymphocytes. The accumulation of these ineffective and diseased lymphocytes in the lymph nodes leads to the swelling of the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.
Risk factors:
The factors that may increase the risk of developing lymphoma include:
A Bone Marrow Transplant entails the following risks:
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The cancer of the lymphatic system is known as lymphoma. The lymphatic system is a part of the body’s disease-fighting or immune system.
The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus gland.
Types:
The two main types of lymphoma are:
1. Hodgkin’s lymphoma: This type of lymphoma usually occurs in the B lymphocytes. The abnormal cells are known as Reed-Sternberg cells, which are modified B lymphocytes. It starts in the upper body lymph nodes, like the neck, chest, and underarms. It spreads (metastasizes) to the different parts of the body through the blood vessels.
It can affect the lungs, liver, spleen, or bone marrow.
It is commonly seen in people who are approximately 40 years old.
2. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: It is the most common type of lymphoma. The healthy lymphocytes do not die, but instead, continue to grow and divide. This causes an increase in the accumulation of the lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, causing swelling of the lymph nodes. This type of lymphoma can originate from the B lymphocytes and the T lymphocytes. However, it is more common in the B cells. It can begin in any part of the body, and it spreads to distant parts of the body.
It is commonly seen in people above 55 years of age.
Causes:
The exact cause of lymphoma is unknown. Lymphoma begins when a lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) develops genetic changes (mutations). These mutations cause the growth and multiplication of the diseased lymphocytes. The accumulation of these ineffective and diseased lymphocytes in the lymph nodes leads to the swelling of the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.
Risk factors:
The factors that may increase the risk of developing lymphoma include:
A Bone Marrow Transplant entails the following risks:
Lymphoma is cancer that begins in cells of the immune system called lymphocytes which are in the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and other parts of the body. In lymphoma, lymphocytes cells change and grow out of control. There are two main types of lymphoma. They are Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin. Lymphoma is very treatable with the right treatment for your type and stage of the illness.
Lymphoma is a disease in which cancerous cells impair your immune system. They are divided into two categories: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and about twelve percent of people with lymphoma have Hodgkin lymphoma which is curable, but Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is extremely fatal.
Lymphocytes are found in the lymphatic system, which is comprised of the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, stomach, intestines, and skin. Because lymphoma is the disease of lymphocytes present in lymph tissues that are present in many parts of the body, lymphoma can start almost anywhere.
The slow-growing lymphomas are not curable with standard chemotherapy, but people suffering with them may live with them for many years, and for people with fast-growing lymphomas, the disease can be cured with combination chemotherapy. However, the patients who do not respond to treatment or have early relapses, the disease can be fatal in a relatively short amount of time.
One suffering from Hodgkin lymphoma can survive for five years.
The one-year survival rate for all patients diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma is about ninety-two percent. The five-year survival rate is about eighty-six percent.
Despite being one of the most easily treated types of cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma is a relatively aggressive cancer and is capable of spreading quickly through the body.
Lymphomas and leukemia are cancers that start in those cells. The main difference between lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemias is that in lymphoma the cancer cells tend to be in lymph nodes and other tissues, while in leukemia, they are mainly in the bone marrow and blood.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma can be treated using:
There are two types of lymphoma, namely Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
The differences between Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are:
1. Hodgkin’s lymphoma is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells which are identified by the physician using a microscope. These cells are absent in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common than Hodgkin lymphoma.
3. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma usually starts in the lymph nodes anywhere in the body, whereas Hodgkin lymphoma usually starts in the upper body, such as the chest, neck, or armpits.
4. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is commonly seen in patients over 55 years of age, whereas, Hodgkin Lymphoma is usually seen at approximately 40 years of age.
The exact cause of lymphoma is unknown. However, the doctors believe that lymphoma begins when a lymphocyte develops genetic changes (mutation). These mutations lead to the growth and rapid multiplication of the lymphocytes, leading to the swelling of the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.
The factors which may increase the risk of developing lymphoma are:
The various procedures and tests that are done to diagnose lymphoma include:
1. Physical examination: The doctor will check for swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, and groin region, along with any swelling that may be present in the spleen or liver.
2. Blood tests: This helps in checking the number of cells in the blood, and the presence of any underlying infection.
3. Excisional lymph node biopsy: The surgeon removes a part of or all of the lymph node and sends it to the laboratory to check for the presence of lymphoma cells, and what types of cells are present.
4. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: A needle is inserted into the hipbone for the removal of a sample of the bone marrow. This sample is checked for the presence of lymphoma cells.
5. Imaging tests: Certain imaging tests like CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans are recommended to create images of the internal organs of the body.
The treatment of Lymphoma depends on the stage and type of lymphoma, and the overall health of the patient. The various treatment modalities include:
1. Monitoring:
Certain forms of lymphoma are very slow-growing.
The doctor may conduct periodic tests to monitor the condition.
The doctor may wait till the lymphoma causes any symptoms that may interfere with an individual’s daily activities.
2. Chemotherapy:
The doctor prescribes the use of certain medications to kill the cancer cells.
These drugs may be administered orally in the form of pills or injected into a vein (intravenously).
3. Radiation therapy:
This procedure involves the use of high-powered energy beams such as x-rays and protons to kill the cancer cells.
4. Bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant:
The healthy bone marrow stem cells from the body or from a donor are infused into the patient’s blood, where they travel to the bone to rebuild the bone marrow.
High doses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be used prior to the bone marrow transplant procedure to suppress the bone marrow.
5. Targeted therapy:
This procedure involves the use of certain drugs that focus on certain abnormalities in the cancer cells.
These drugs eventually kill the cancer cells.
6. Immunotherapy:
This therapy boosts the body’s immune system (disease-fighting system) to kill the cancer cells.
7. Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy:
The body’s germ-fighting T cells are taken in this procedure and engineered to fight cancer.
These cells are then infused back into the body.
The after-care steps following lymphoma treatment include:
The common side effects of lymphoma treatments are:
The cost of Lymphoma treatment varies across different hospitals and cities across India.
| CITY | COST |
| Cost of Lymphoma Treatment in Mumbai | INR 350000- INR 500000 |
| Cost of Lymphoma Treatment in Banglore | INR 330000- INR 480000 |
| Cost of Lymphoma Treatment in Delhi | INR 330000- INR 480000 |
| Cost of Lymphoma Treatment in Chennai | INR 300000- INR 450000 |